currency types:-
----------------
=> used for fields related to money

SMALLMONEY		4 Bytes     range from :- -214748.3648 to 214748.3647

MONEY			8 bytes	    range from :-  -922337203685477.5808 to 922337203685477.5807


Date datatypes:-
----------------
 DATE		=>Allows only date
 TIME		=>Allows only time
 DATETIME	=>Allows both date & time

=>The default date format in SQL server is YYYY-MM-DD
=> Default time format for everyone is same as HH:MI:SS


Binary types:-
--------------
=>Allows binary data that includes multimedia objects like audio,video,images.

1. Binary		=> for fixed length upto 8000
	=>extra bytes are wasted

2. VarBinary		=> for variable length upto 8000 
	=>extra bytes are realesed
3. VarBinary(max)	=>Allows upto 2GB


Creating tables in Database:-
------------------------------
=>commands are not case sensitive

syntax:
CREATE TABLE <tblname>
(
colname datatype(size),
colname datatype(size),
)


Rules:-
-------
1] table name should start with alphabet.
2] Name should not contain spaces & special Characters but allows _,#,$
3] Name can be upto 128 characters
4] Each table can have 1024 cols
5] No. of rows unlimited

	abc123  -> Valid
	123abc  -> Invalid
	abc*123 -> Invalid
	abc 123 -> Invalid
	abc_123 -> Valid


Example :- Create an employee table with table name as EMP and fields as EMPid, EName, EJob, Sal, Age , HireDate.

Query :-
CREATE TABLE emp
(
 empid 		SMALLINT,
 ename 		VARCHAR(10),
 job   		VARCHAR(10),
 sal   		SMALLMONEY,
 age   		TINYINT,
 hiredate 	DATE
)

=> Above command created table structure/definition/metadata that includes columns, datatypes and size.

INSERTING DATA (ROW) INTO TABLE :-
--------------------------------
=> first value is inserted into 1st field , second in 2nd field and so on.
=> Character value and date value must be single quotes

syntax :
INSERT INTO <TBLNAME>
		VALUES(V1,V2,V3,-----)

Query :-
INSERT INTO emp
VALUES(100,'Sarah','developer',3000,20,'2022-08-28')


TO SEE THE TABLE CREATED:-
--------------------------
syntax :
SELECT * FROM <TBLNAME>

Query :-
SELECT * FROM emp


=> Suppose 20 emp joins the company today how will you insert multiple records ??


INSERTING MULTIPLE ROWS:
------------------------
=> GETDATE() is a function that returns today's date.

syntax:
INSERT INTO <TBLNAME>
		VALUES(V1,V2,V3,V4,----),				       (V1,V2,V3,V4,----),
			(V1,V2,V3,V4,----),

Query :-
INSERT INTO emp
VALUES(102,'Madiha','Manager',9000,34,GETDATE()),
	(103,'Samiya','Analyst',6000,24,'2021-07-28')


INSERTING NULLs:-
----------------
=>empty values are called NULL in SQL
=>A null means blank or empty
=>It is not equal to 0 or space.
=>NULL is predefined keyword
=>Nulls can be inserted in two ways


method 1: to insert in all fields
---------
 INSERT INTO emp
 VALUES(103,'vijay',NULL,NULL,30,'2019-01-12')

NOTE: NUMBER OF COLUMNS AND RECORDS SHOULD MATCH.

method 2: to insert into selected fields
---------
INSERT INTO emp(empid,ename,age,hiredate)
VALUES(104,'ravi',28,GETDATE())
remaining two fields job, sal filled with NULLS automatically.


SP_HELP :-
----------
=> command to see the structure of the table which includes datatype,field name, size of datatype.

  Syntax : sp_help <tableName>
  example : sp_help emp

column_name   | Datatype     | size
-------------------------------------
 empid 	      | SMALLINT     | 2
 ename        | VARCHAR      | 10
 job   	      | VARCHAR      | 10
 sal   	      |  MALLMONEY   | 4
 age   	      | TINYINT      | 1
 hiredate     | DATE         | 3